Rebel forces in Syria have ousted President Bashar al-Assad from power, ending more than half a century of brutal rule by the Assad family.
Assad's downfall came less than two weeks after an initial incursion west of the country's second largest city, Aleppo, triggered a cascading series of routs and retreats by the demoralized Syrian military.
See what happened.
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![A man steps on a picture of Syria's ousted president Bashar al-Assad as people enter his residence in Damascus' Malki area after Islamist-led rebels declared that they have taken the Syrian capital in a lightning offensive, sending al-Assad fleeing and ending five decades of Baath rule in Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9a56de3/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5333x4000+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5333x4000%20333%200%2Fresize%2F5333x4000%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F7c%2Fb2%2Fb1449a2f420f8e138ebe101a8b98%2Fgettyimages-2188316682.jpg)
Omar Haj Kadour/AFP via Getty Images / AFP
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AFP
![People stand atop a toppled statue of Syria's late president Hafez al-Assad in Damascus.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/2511eda/2147483647/strip/true/resize/880x^/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F7339x5504%20459%200%2Fresize%2F7339x5504%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F03%2F8b%2F9caa62084e3e925b3f93d84e5e1e%2Fgettyimages-2188239427.jpg)
Louai Beshara / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![A man kisses a Syrian rebel fighter who returned to the central city of Homs, after being in exile for 12 years after rebel forces entered Syria's third city overnight.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/fdc2823/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5120x3840+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5120x3840%20320%200%2Fresize%2F5120x3840%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fb5%2F93c0e5a94edc80a19f3c8bb724d9%2Fgettyimages-2188254064.jpg)
Aref Tammawai / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![Syrian rebel fighters and civilians gather in the central city of Homs, after rebel forces entered Syria's third city overnight.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e408fb5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4864x3648+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F4864x3648%20304%200%2Fresize%2F4864x3648%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2Fa5%2F4c641df04074af55f346cf182fa5%2Fgettyimages-2188252411.jpg)
Aaref Watad / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![A woman waves a Syrian opposition flag as she celebrates at Umayyad Square in Damascus.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/858744c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5857x4393+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5857x4393%20366%200%2Fresize%2F5857x4393%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F46%2F54%2F15d63b3242c2a24eb634d19ee847%2Fgettyimages-2188300239.jpg)
Bakr Al Kassem / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![Opposition fighters celebrate in Damascus, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/36655b1/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5333x4000+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5333x4000%20333%200%2Fresize%2F5333x4000%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F89%2F92%2F4dfe91734ac1aeb48a0237f1278d%2Fap24343354067573.jpg)
Hussein Malla / AP
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AP
![An aerial view shows traffic on the streets in Syria's capital Damascus, after Islamist-led rebels declared that they have taken the Syrian capital in a lightning offensive, sending al-Assad fleeing and ending five decades of Baath rule in Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3443e5d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4664x3498+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F4664x3498%20292%200%2Fresize%2F4664x3498%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fd9%2Fe7%2F42926cef495f93e0a6f8169cfc61%2Fgettyimages-2188314801.jpg)
Aared Watad / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![Syrian opposition fighters drive along the Damascus-Beirut highway, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/8fa6629/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7680x5760+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F7680x5760%20480%200%2Fresize%2F7680x5760%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F94%2F84%2F9d0e586c48ebb11a0d9edfc547e5%2Fap24343372139202.jpg)
Omar Sanadiki / AP
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AP
![Abu Mohammed al-Golani speaks at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Golani, a former al-Qaida commander who cut ties with the group and says he embraces pluralism and religious tolerance, leads the biggest rebel faction and is poised to chart the country's future.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/164f7c0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4811x3608+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F4811x3608%20301%200%2Fresize%2F4811x3608%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F60%2F93%2F152af4b94a4b8d2f82e400bc2afb%2Fap24343627488392.jpg)
Omar Albam / AP
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AP
![Syrian opposition fighters celebrate after the Syrian government collapsed in Damascus, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/4c7bb03/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7680x5760+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F7680x5760%20480%200%2Fresize%2F7680x5760%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff3%2F20%2Ff91d4dd14bcc8a5a44892f44fdb6%2Fap24343260059363.jpg)
Omar Sanadiki / AP
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AP
![Government soldiers and their allies huddle on the ground while being detained by insurgents in Homs, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/5b43094/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5333x4000+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5333x4000%20333%200%2Fresize%2F5333x4000%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe6%2F2e%2F6fb85d9c40a782377e5f593de6a5%2Fap24343669125771.jpg)
Omar Albam / AP
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AP
![A fire burns in a room of the Tishrin residential palace of Syria's ousted president Bashar al-Assad in Damascus' al-Muhajirin area.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9a08363/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5973x4480+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5973x4480%20373%200%2Fresize%2F5973x4480%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F5b%2F3a%2Ff7101aad42ba8d2426454cb3a696%2Fgettyimages-2188309841.jpg)
Omar Haj Kadour / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![An opposition fighter fires his AK-47 in the air in celebration after opposition forces took control of the city in Damascus.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/af9856e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5333x4000+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5333x4000%20333%200%2Fresize%2F5333x4000%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F82%2F48%2F831d13b64a4f909ae48b30f76e6c%2Fap24343691162635.jpg)
Ghaith Alsayed / AP
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AP
![Syrian Islamist-led rebel fighters pray in a mosque in the central city of Homs early on December 8, 2024, after entering Syria's third city overnight.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/f3bb27d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4776x3582+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F4776x3582%20299%200%2Fresize%2F4776x3582%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F0f%2Fcf%2F1656174e4b8c998b8ccf7e51cd76%2Fgettyimages-2188243498.jpg)
Aref Tammawi / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![Displaced Syrians break into tears as they return to central city of Homs, after rebel forces entered Syria's third city overnight.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/a934273/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3940x2955+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F3940x2955%20246%200%2Fresize%2F3940x2955%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F75%2Fcf%2F84b3f90944b69efab38674d5267d%2Fgettyimages-2188259926.jpg)
Muhammad Haj Kadour / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![A Syrian rebel fighter fires rounds as people celebrate near the Clock Tower in the central city of Homs, after rebel forces entered Syria's third city overnight.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/cbe7795/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5259x3944+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5259x3944%20329%200%2Fresize%2F5259x3944%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff2%2F08%2F28ca83dd4ab196aef7e712d217fc%2Fgettyimages-2188259799.jpg)
Muhammad Haj Kadour / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![Detained Syrian pro-government soldiers chant slogans outside the central city of Homs, after surrendering when rebel forces entered Syria's third city overnight.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/0c988d7/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5333x4000+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5333x4000%20333%200%2Fresize%2F5333x4000%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F31%2F9f%2F8c20de774ae1a1e28855e58ae215%2Fgettyimages-2188267640.jpg)
Omar Haj Kadour / AFP via Getty Images
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AFP via Getty Images
![A man tries to take a lamp as people search for belongings in the ransacked private residence of Syrian President Bashar Assad in the Malkeh district of Damascus, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/693d6e4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5333x4000+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5333x4000%20333%200%2Fresize%2F5333x4000%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb6%2F3f%2F19af1ce64323a1822fb8eaf7f334%2Fap24343380873603.jpg)
Hussein Malla / AP
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AP
![Residents celebrate the fall of the capital Damascus to opposition forces, in Homs, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1b4137f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5333x4000+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5333x4000%20333%200%2Fresize%2F5333x4000%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F01%2F21%2F50d8f9ec4d4fa038ca7e727019a9%2Fap24343333882979.jpg)
Ghaith Alsayed / AP
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AP
![People wave guns in the air, as they gather to celebrate the fall of the Syrian regime in Umayyad Square in Damascus, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/0181e4a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5973x4480+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5973x4480%20373%200%2Fresize%2F5973x4480%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc8%2Fda%2F3fa7918b4b7ea3931e03cae7b32c%2Fgettyimages-2188282003.jpg)
Ali Haj Suleiman / Getty Images
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Getty Images
![A damaged poster of Bashar al-Assad is seen as a fire burns at a security compound that houses the Syrian Military Intelligence Interrogation Division, in Damascus, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/2286be0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4444x3333+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F4444x3333%20278%200%2Fresize%2F4444x3333%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fa5%2Ffc%2F55d0a580437c93f0c591eb4c65f8%2Fgettyimages-2188898867.jpg)
Ali Haj Suleiman / Getty Images
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Getty Images
![A portrait of Hafez al-Assad, father of Bashar al-Assad, is seen discarded, in Umayyad Square in Damascus, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/7db0f41/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5973x4480+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F5973x4480%20373%200%2Fresize%2F5973x4480%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F32%2F34%2F23462606459889e1b6e9d0beb41d%2Fgettyimages-2188851858.jpg)
Ali Haj Suleiman / Getty Images
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Getty Images
![Members of armed groups celebrate by shooting into the air at the Umayyad Square after sixty-one years of Baath Party rule in Syria collapses on Sunday when, the capital fell out of the hands of regime control in Damascus, Syria.](https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/fc28fde/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4681x3511+0+0/resize/880x660!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnpr.brightspotcdn.com%2Fdims3%2Fdefault%2Fstrip%2Ffalse%2Fcrop%2F4681x3511%20163%200%2Fresize%2F4681x3511%21%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F5d%2F6c%2F8aa792ee4be882277dc62a7ffe29%2Fgettyimages-2188338270.jpg)
Emin Sansar / Anadolu via Getty Images
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Anadolu via Getty Images