At the IntermountainStockyard in La Grande, rancher Todd Nash watches the action as he works to sell four small cows to improve his breed stock and pay for feed. Some of the animals he’s selling today may end up in hamburgers. But in the stockyard’s canteen, he has no idea whether the burger on his plate comes from a local ranch or from New Zealand.
That’s because when cattle enter a U.S. Department of Agriculture-inspected processing plant, they get sorted with animals from elsewhere. The same is true at every step of the process, from shipping to markets.
Each step in that path from farm to shelf adds value. So while Nash might get $1,000 selling one of his large cows to a neighbor, once it’s sent off to get slaughtered, cut, wrapped, frozen and put on a supermarket shelf, the animal’s total worth is more like $5,500.
That means retailers, shippers and processors receive 80% of the cows’ value – and often those companies are large, out of state, organizations.
“That money can be all captured here,” Nash said. “It could benefit our communities, especially those that have lost logging and timber and mill infrastructure.”
In practical terms, the current system means that, if Nash or anyone else wants to boost Oregon’s economy by buying local beef, it’s very difficult and requires an expensive work around.
Watching money leave Oregon is hard for Nash – and for regulators. That’s why theOregon Department of Agriculture has spent $2 million to create a new Oregon meat inspection program – even though the federal government already runs an inspection program. And to process the new state inspected meat, agricultural authorities are trying to increase capacity at Oregon’s small slaughterhouses.
Passage of House Bill 2907 this session would bring in another $10 million for the new program.
Up to now, Oregon has relied on federal meat inspectors with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. But Oregon only has 13 large federal inspected slaughterhouses and 36 counties. So some ranchers have to drive three hours or more, each way, to get their cattle killed and processed.
Todd Nash drives to Nampa, Idaho.
“It’s a full day,” he said. “By the time you load the cattle up, unload them, stop for fuel, you’re 10 hours into it.”
The Oregon agriculture department is taking a two-pronged approach to build the new system. The first is training new state meat inspectors. The second involves helping small slaughterhouses grow so they can handle more capacity.
Bill and Kaleen Oldridge runBillyBob’s Butcher Shop and Stafford’s in Union County. Until recently, they processed a maximum of two animals a day, because there were only two of them and they had minimal equipment. Each animal took several hours’ work. That compares to 1,800 animals a day that are processed at a large federally inspected factory slaughterhouse.
Boosting production at BillyBob’s started with a $400,000 grant from the state, which the Oldridges used to buy new equipment, including a more efficient saw, a new smoker, a briner, packer and a grinder.
They now process up to 12 animals a day and they’ve hired 10 new employees. The Oldridges are busy putting in all the sanitation and hazard analysis procedures required before they can finally secure a state inspector.
Up to now, each animal to go through BillyBob’s has generally been purchased by a local family from a local rancher. And after the animal is processed, that family is not allowed to sell the meat, because it hasn’t been individually inspected.
Instead, the meat goes to stock the family’s freezer.
People do it because they want to know where their food comes from, explained Kaleen Oldridge.
“They get to know who’s producing it, where it’s being raised, what it’s being fed. There’s no guess,” she said. “There’s no, ‘What did it eat? Where did it eat? Did they give it medications? Did they give it antibiotics? Did they give it hormones, or anything else?’”
She said a state inspector will mean the meat she processes can be sold to local stores and restaurants.
But before sending an inspector to a facility, the state is requiring business owners like the Oldridges to provide enough work to keep that inspector busy for five, eight-hour workdays – Monday through Friday.
The Oregon Department of Agriculture is working with about 15 Oregon businesses interested in adopting the new inspection program. But it’s taking a while to boost local production and train staff.
“The ODA will staff up the program as needed to accommodate the requests for service,” spokeswoman Andrea Cantu-Schomus said, in a statement.
“This is not a program that will (be) fully operational overnight and will take time to mature as businesses and customers grow.”
By starting its own state inspection program, Oregon regulators hope to turn animal processing into a more local business and to save ranchers time and money — not to mention allowing Oregonians to eat beef from the cattle they see in the fields.
“85% of the cattle that are processed in the United States right now are processed by four large processors,” said Nash, who is also chairman of the Oregon Cattlemen’s Association. “It’s Tyson, Cargill, Marfrigand JBS. And the last two are Brazilian companies. So I think this is a really positive move.”
Small slaughterhouses became more popular during COVID, when workers at several large plants became sick, and meat supplies dwindled.
In the small ranching town of Lostine, many people can’t wait for the new system to come on line.
The owners of theM. Crow restaurant and general store for example, still have to conduct an extensive work-around to serve local beef. They buy cows off local ranchers who make an eight-hour round trip to the nearest USDA inspected plant in Idaho. The restaurant then has a staff member make another eight-hour trip to pick the beef up after it’s been aged and processed.
“It shouldn’t be this hard for a local restaurant to serve meat from here,” said general manager Michael Junkins.
Union County CommissionerPaul Anderes agrees. He goes through the same arduous process to sell the goat meat raised by his kids in4-H. He sees a parallel with Oregon’s 1980s craft beer movement.
“There weren’t rules, and they were trying to figure how these small breweries could do it,” he said.
He’s not sure the new system will make meat cheaper. But that’s not really the point: “You’re looking for a quality, unique product that the consumer is really demanding now.”
Some people worry the new state system might not be as safe as the federal system. But supporters point out the new Oregon program will hold meat processors to the same health standards.
“The state meat inspection program is not meant to compete with USDA,” Cantu-Schomus said. “Instead it complements the federal program.”
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